TY  -  JOUR
AU  -  Nishimiya, Kensuke
AU  -  Shimokawa, Hiroaki
T1  -  Gender differences in coronary functional abnormalities
PY  -  2021
Y1  -  2021-01-01
DO  -  10.1723/3528.35162
JO  -  The Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine
JA  -  Ital J Gender-Specific Med
VL  -  7
IS  -  1
SP  -  15
EP  -  21
PB  -  Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore
SN  -  2612-3487
Y2  -  2026/05/31
UR  -  http://dx.doi.org/10.1723/3528.35162
N2  -  Summary. The ISCHEMIA trial demonstrated that coronary revascularization strategies may not necessarily improve the long-term prognosis of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, suggesting the significance of the remaining coronary functional abnormalities. Recently, more attention has been paid to ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery (INOCA) disease, due to the poor prognosis as showed in several cohorts. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and epicardial coronary spasm have been proposed as the main causes of INOCA. While gender difference was not significant in the prognosis of patients with epicardial spasm, a poor prognosis was identified in women with CMD. In the last decade, efforts have been made to clarify the connection between these coronary functional abnormalities and an impaired prognosis. In this article, we will briefly review the recent advances in gender medicine regarding coronary functional abnormalities, including CMD and epicardial spasm.
ER  -