TY  -  JOUR
AU  -  Scazzocchio, Beatrice
AU  -  Varì, Rosaria
AU  -  Masella, Roberta
AU  -  Santangelo, Carmela
T1  -  Promoting a different care for pregnant women 
according to the fetal sex: where do we stand?
PY  -  2021
Y1  -  2021-01-01
DO  -  10.1723/3528.35165
JO  -  The Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine
JA  -  Ital J Gender-Specific Med
VL  -  7
IS  -  1
SP  -  47
EP  -  53
PB  -  Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore
SN  -  2612-3487
Y2  -  2026/05/19
UR  -  http://dx.doi.org/10.1723/3528.35165
N2  -  Summary. Fetal sex represents a fundamental contributor to pregnancy outcomes and maternal health, both in the short and long term. Women carrying a male fetus appear to be at increased risk for cesarean section, preterm labor and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). On the other hand, a female fetus negatively affects the development of maternal hypertensive disorders, including pre-eclampsia, and increases the risk of developing diabetes in women with GDM. Ethnic differences in the maternal response to fetal sex have also been noticed. The present review provides evidence that, regardless of the female or male sex, fetal sex dimorphism should be integrated in the risk assessment in pregnancy. The inclusion of fetal sex in future experimental research and clinical investigations would provide useful data for the purposes of reducing the costs of maternal and offspring interventions during pregnancy, upon delivery and after pregnancy.
ER  -