TY  -  JOUR
AU  -  Abbas, Mohsin
AU  -  Farid, Mujahid
AU  -  Asam, Zaki-ul-Zaman
AU  -  Jamil, Sultana
AU  -  Anjum, Muzammil
T1  -  A gender-based epidemiological study of occupational injuries/disease trends among Pakistani female and male workers from 2001-02 to 2020-21
PY  -  2026
Y1  -  2026-05-01
DO  -  10.1723/4737.47521
JO  -  Journal of Sex- and Gender-Specific Medicine
JA  -  J Sex Gender Specif Med
VL  -  12
IS  -  2
SP  -  49
EP  -  60
PB  -  Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore
SN  -  2974-8623
Y2  -  2026/07/28
UR  -  http://dx.doi.org/10.1723/4737.47521
N2  -  Summary. Female workers are at a significantly higher risk of occupational injuries and diseases (OID) in developing countries like Pakistan. This study was designed to analyze a large national OID database to investigate these increasing trends among Pakistani female workers in comparison to their male counterparts. An index value trend (IVT) technique was adopted, using 2001-02 as the reference year (2001-02 = 100), to evaluate OID values across various criteria. Slope values (S) were calculated to identify the investigated trends.Overall, compared to male workers, OID annual trends for female workers moved upward until 2012-13 and decreased gradually thereafter, despite persistent gaps in employment share and OID prevalence. Female workers in rural areas are at the highest risk of OID, even when compared to female workers in urban areas and male workers. OID trends among female workers in the construction and manufacturing sectors increased by 417% and 224%, respectively. Unpaid female family helpers are at an increased risk of OID (403% in 2012-13) compared to all other employment categories.Furthermore, compared to male workers, OID index values among female professionals, service/market sales workers, and craft/related trades workers increased to 300%, 212%, and 193%, respectively, by 2020-21. “Taking time off work” was the most frequently reported consequence/treatment among female workers compared to males. The increasing trends of OID among female workers demand specific injury prevention policies, particularly for rural areas and the construction and manufacturing sectors, supported by a robust healthcare infrastructure.
ER  -