Abstract. Health is a fundamental right. However, modern medicine remains heavily androcentric. While there has been a partial improvement in the inclusion of cisgender women in preclinical and clinical trials, transgender individuals are still largely excluded from medical evaluations. As evident in the scientific literature, the attention to the health of the transgender population is currently mainly linked to the context of sexually transmitted diseases, underlining the existence of a strong stigma. Gender-affirming hormone therapy, however, is highly variable when considered in relation to non-binary people, as demonstrated by the various dosing options in gender-affirming hormone therapy. Most existing guidelines do not consider this possibility and focus exclusively on data referring to male and female transgender people. The aim of this work is to present a narrative review of existing scientific literature related to gender-affirming hormone therapy and to investigate the current knowledge on: types of feminizing and masculinizing therapies, options for administration routes and drug concentrations, awareness of therapy side effects, and potential interactions with other medications. Articles published on PubMed from 2019 to March 2025 were considered, selected using the following keywords: transgender medicine, transgender pharmacology, transgender pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, gender-affirming hormone therapy, transgender health.
Key words. Transgender, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, gender-specific medicine.